{"id":635,"date":"2019-01-07T15:35:38","date_gmt":"2019-01-07T15:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.satb.sk\/?p=635"},"modified":"2019-04-06T05:43:13","modified_gmt":"2019-04-06T05:43:13","slug":"jorg-zwicker-hudobnici-si-musia-byt-vedomi-ze-strach-je-pre-nas-dolezity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.satb.sk\/index.php\/2019\/01\/07\/jorg-zwicker-hudobnici-si-musia-byt-vedomi-ze-strach-je-pre-nas-dolezity\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u00f6rg Zwicker: Hudobn\u00edci si musia by\u0165 vedom\u00ed, \u017ee strach je pre n\u00e1s d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

O tom \u010do je tr\u00e9ma a ako ju m\u00f4\u017eu hudobn\u00edci zvl\u00e1da\u0165 n\u00e1m porozpr\u00e1va hudobn\u00edk a ment\u00e1lny kou\u010d\u00a0J\u00f6rg Zwicker<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd ned\u00e1vno nav\u0161t\u00edvil Bratislavu v r\u00e1mci workshopu na Vysokej \u0161kole m\u00fazick\u00fdch umen\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u00e1n Zwicker, v hudobnom odvetv\u00ed p\u00f4sob\u00edte u\u017e nejak\u00fd \u010das\u2026
\n<\/b><\/span>\u00c1no, 35 rokov. <\/span><\/p>\n

Okrem toho, \u017ee ste akt\u00edvny hr\u00e1\u010d, ste z\u00e1rove\u0148 kou\u010d a pom\u00e1hate hudobn\u00edkom v oblasti komunik\u00e1cie a motiv\u00e1cie. S ak\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami sa hudobn\u00edci v tejto oblasti naj\u010dastej\u0161ie stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa?
\n<\/b><\/span>Probl\u00e9my m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 r\u00f4zne. S\u00fa tak\u00e9, s ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vame v be\u017enom \u017eivote v\u0161etci a potom s\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa z toho, \u017ee od prv\u00e9ho d\u0148a hrania sme si navz\u00e1jom konkurentmi. Ak pracujeme na \u017eivnos\u0165, nebe\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1m plat, ke\u010f nehr\u00e1me, tak\u017ee sa \u010dasto strachujeme o na\u0161e \u017eivobytie. Preto m\u00e1lokedy oddychujeme a nejdeme na dovolenku. Cvi\u010d\u00edme a vystupujeme aj ke\u010f sme chor\u00ed, po\u010das turn\u00e9 m\u00e1lo sp\u00edme, jeme neskoro po koncerte a samozrejme sme pod neust\u00e1lym tlakom kritikov, ostatn\u00fdch hudobn\u00edkov, rodi\u010dov a najm\u00e4 n\u00e1s sam\u00fdch, aby sme hrali dokonale ako z c\u00e9de\u010dka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ako je to s ved\u00facimi hudobn\u00fdch telies? T\u00fdka sa to aj ich?
\n<\/b><\/span>S\u00fa tie\u017e nerv\u00f3zni, preto\u017ee ich meno je nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v programe. Ak ste \u010dlenom orchestra, mo\u017eno sa sem-tam na nejak\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku nepriprav\u00edte. No dirigent mus\u00ed by\u0165 dobre pripraven\u00fd u\u017e od prvej sk\u00fa\u0161ky na ka\u017ed\u00fa jednu, inak strat\u00ed kontrolu nad orchestrom. Mnoh\u00ed dirigenti tak\u00e9to situ\u00e1cie nezvl\u00e1daj\u00fa ve\u013emi kon\u0161trukt\u00edvne. Pokia\u013e ako dirigent stoj\u00edte pred orchestrom a re\u010dou tela hovor\u00edte \u201cdokelu, som nerv\u00f3zny\u201d, tak orchester va\u0161u nervozitu kop\u00edruje.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ak\u00fa \u00falohu v tom zohr\u00e1va tr\u00e9ma a pre\u010do ju vlastne c\u00edtime?
\n<\/b><\/span>Tr\u00e9ma vych\u00e1dza z evol\u00facie a je pozostatkom spred tis\u00edcok rokov. Ak boli na\u0161i predkovia v centre pozornosti a sledovalo ich mnoho p\u00e1rov o\u010d\u00ed, znamenalo to re\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010denstvo. Na\u0161a civiliz\u00e1cia sa vyvinula r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako n\u00e1\u0161 mozog. Tak\u017ee hoci dnes na p\u00f3diu nepre\u017e\u00edvame smrte\u013en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo, sleduj\u00fa n\u00e1s stovky p\u00e1rov o\u010d\u00ed. No a samozrejme do hry vstupuj\u00fa na\u0161e o\u010dak\u00e1vania a strach zo zlyhania, \u017ee nebudeme dos\u0165 dobr\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ako by mal umelec pracova\u0165 s tr\u00e9mou tak aby neovplyvnila jeho vyst\u00fapenie? D\u00e1 sa tr\u00e9ma v\u00f4bec zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165?
\n<\/b>Hudobn\u00edci si musia by\u0165 vedom\u00ed, \u017ee strach je pre n\u00e1s d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd. Pom\u00e1ha n\u00e1m v ta\u017ek\u00fdch a nezn\u00e1mych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, aby sme nespravili nie\u010do, \u010do pre n\u00e1s nie je dobr\u00e9. Preto sa sna\u017e\u00edm \u0161tudentov nau\u010di\u0165, \u017ee maj\u00fa by\u0165 v\u010fa\u010dn\u00ed za nervozitu. Telesnou reakciou na \u00fazkos\u0165 je, \u017ee m\u00e1me viac energie na rie\u0161enie situ\u00e1cie. Ale ak jej je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea, m\u00f4\u017ee to ma\u0165 negat\u00edvny vplyv na v\u00fdkon a vtedy treba ma\u0165 zvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 r\u00f4zne dychov\u00e9 cvi\u010denia, vizualiz\u00e1ciu, relaxa\u010dn\u00e9 a aktiva\u010dn\u00e9 techniky. Je to vlastne ment\u00e1lny tr\u00e9ning. Seri\u00f3zny ment\u00e1lny tr\u00e9ning sa nesna\u017e\u00ed \u00fazkos\u0165 potla\u010di\u0165, ale nau\u010di\u0165 sa ju zvl\u00e1da\u0165. Neza\u010d\u00ednajte dva t\u00fd\u017edne pred s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eou \u010di koncertom, ale pracujte na tom denne po cel\u00fd rok. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Na p\u00f3di\u00e1ch sa n\u00e1m neraz stane, \u017ee dostaneme aj tzv. \u201cokno\u201d. D\u00e1 sa tomu pred\u00eds\u0165?
\n<\/b><\/span>D\u00e1 sa tomu pred\u00eds\u0165 cez ment\u00e1lny tr\u00e9ning. Ale ako som u\u017e spom\u00ednal, je potrebn\u00e9 dlho tr\u00e9nova\u0165, aby ste to vedeli pou\u017ei\u0165, ke\u010f treba. Ment\u00e1lny tr\u00e9ning by sme nemali bra\u0165 len ako techniku, ale ako druh \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 venujeme ve\u013ea \u010dasu um\u00fdvaniu, obliekaniu, \u00faprave zov\u0148aj\u0161ku, no nen\u00e1jdeme si \u010das na najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie \u010dasti tela \u2013 srdce a mozog. A to je zvl\u00e1\u0161tne. Ment\u00e1lny tr\u00e9ning by sa teda mal sta\u0165 takou be\u017enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u017eivota ako sprchovanie, \u010di um\u00fdvanie zubov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010das workshopu v Bratislave ste pou\u017e\u00edvali aj modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, konkr\u00e9tne biofeedback. Ako v\u00e1m toto zariadenie pom\u00e1ha po\u010das kou\u010dingu s klientom?
\n<\/b><\/span>Bio a Neurofeedback je skvel\u00e1 met\u00f3da, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m ukazuje ako na\u0161e telo a mozog reaguj\u00fa na stresuj\u00face situ\u00e1cie, tak\u017ee vieme tr\u00e9nova\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to d\u00e1va ment\u00e1lnemu tr\u00e9ningu vedeck\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed si myslia, \u017ee vych\u00e1dza z ezoteriky. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou za\u010d\u00ednam \u0161tandardn\u00fdm stresov\u00fdm testom a postupne nastav\u00edm r\u00f4zne tr\u00e9ningov\u00e9 techniky. Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stretnutiach
\ns klientom zredukujem pou\u017eitie techniky, aby sa nau\u010dil ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 reakcie svojho tela s\u00e1m bez sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby zo stroja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ste z\u00e1rove\u0148 odborn\u00edkom na komunik\u00e1ciu. O hudobn\u00edkoch a celkovo umelcoch sa ob\u010das hovori\u0165, \u017ee zvykn\u00fa by\u0165 prectliven\u00ed, a preto sa s nimi mus\u00ed komunikova\u0165 citlivej\u0161ie. Je to naozaj tak? S\u00fa hudobn\u00edci, resp. umelci ove\u013ea viac citlivej\u0161\u00ed na komunik\u00e1ciu ako in\u00e9 povolania?
\n<\/b>Neviem, \u010di je na tom nie\u010do pravdy. Mo\u017eno s\u00fa o tom nejak\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie. No iste by mohlo ma\u0165 vplyv to, \u017ee si roky denne cvi\u010d\u00edme zmysly ist\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Ak\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va sebamotiv\u00e1cia u hudobn\u00edkov?<\/b><\/span>Sebamotiv\u00e1cia je jedin\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia. Ak nem\u00e1te o nie\u010do z\u00e1ujem, nem\u00e1te motiv\u00e1ciu. Tr\u00e9ner v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee len pom\u00f4c\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165, \u010do v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, motiv\u00e1cia by mala pr\u00eds\u0165 sama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010fme teraz trochu k de\u0165om a ich motiv\u00e1cii. Ako by mali rodi\u010dia spr\u00e1vne vies\u0165 deti ku cvi\u010deniu na hudobn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojoch tak, aby ich z\u00e1rove\u0148 nedemotivovali?
\n<\/b><\/span>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee od det\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017eeme ve\u013emi ve\u013ea nau\u010di\u0165. Dok\u00e1\u017eu sa s\u00fastredi\u0165 a motivova\u0165 tak, ako \u017eiaden dospel\u00fd. A ke\u010f im za\u010dneme hovori\u0165, \u010do maj\u00fa robi\u0165, str\u00e1caj\u00fa tieto schopnosti. Preto by sme sa mali sna\u017ei\u0165 pochopi\u0165 ich a pom\u00f4c\u0165 im. Uk\u00e1za\u0165 im zauj\u00edmavosti sveta, n\u00e1dheru pr\u00edrody, zvierat a ako \u017ei\u0165 radostn\u00fd \u017eivot. Mus\u00edme im uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee hudba je n\u00e1dhern\u00fd medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd jazyk, ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eeme komunikova\u0165 a nie len technika so spr\u00e1vnym tempom a inton\u00e1ciou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oproti minulosti m\u00e1 dnes tzv. klasick\u00e1 hudba ove\u013ea viac \u017e\u00e1nrovej konkurencie. Ako by sme pod\u013ea v\u00e1s mohli zatrakt\u00edvni\u0165 klasick\u00fa hudbu, tak aby sme pritiahli \u010do najviac \u013eud\u00ed?
\n<\/b>Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by sme mali za\u010da\u0165 hudbu viac ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako jazyk. Zabudli sme sa rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 s publikom skrze n\u00e1stroje. To je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do publikum nech\u00e1pe, \u010do rob\u00edme. V\u017edy hovor\u00edm svojim \u0161tudentom, aby rozpr\u00e1vali pr\u00edbeh. Nie m\u00f4j pr\u00edbeh, \u010di k\u00f3piu mojej interpret\u00e1cie, ale ich vlastn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh. A ja sa sna\u017e\u00edm uh\u00e1dnu\u0165, \u010do mi hovoria.<\/span><\/p>\n

No predsa len \u017eijeme v pretechnizovanej spolo\u010dnosti a technol\u00f3gie sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa na\u0161u ka\u017edodennou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. M\u00e1 v takejto spolo\u010dnosti klasick\u00e1 hudba e\u0161te bud\u00facnos\u0165?
\n<\/b>Ur\u010dite! Potrebujeme ju kv\u00f4li rovnov\u00e1he, tak ako potrebujeme de\u0148 a noc \u010di teplo a chlad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Chceli by ste na\u0161im \u010ditate\u013eom nie\u010do odk\u00e1za\u0165, \u010di poradi\u0165?
\n<\/b><\/span>Moje osobn\u00e9 motto je: pracuj tvrdo, no neber v\u0161etko pr\u00edli\u0161 v\u00e1\u017ene. Aj na p\u00f3diu. Videl som mnoho skvel\u00fdch hudobn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed sa cel\u00e9 hodiny na sk\u00fa\u0161ke ani raz nezasmiali. To je pre m\u0148a neuverite\u013en\u00e9. \u017divot je kr\u00e1tky, Carpe diem!<\/span><\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

J\u00f6rg Zwicker (1969)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

J\u00f6rg Zwicker je\u00a0rak\u00fasky violon\u010delista, dirigent, hudobn\u00fd pedag\u00f3g, medi\u00e1tor a ment\u00e1lny kou\u010d. \u0160tudoval hru na violon\u010delo o profesorky Hildgund Posch na Kunstuniversit\u00e4t v Grazi a hru na violu da gamba u Jos\u00e9ho Vazqueza na\u00a0Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Musik und darstellende Kunst vo Viedni. Od roku 1985 sa akt\u00edvne venuje interpret\u00e1ci\u00ed starej hudby a v tom istom roku zaklad\u00e1 aj svoj prv\u00fd ans\u00e1mbel, z ktor\u00e9ho sa v roku 1992 vyvinul barokov\u00fd s\u00fabor Capella Leopoldina. V rokoch 1991 \u2013 1995 \u0161tudoval u Jaapatera Lindenata hru na barokov\u00e9 violo\u010delo na Kr\u00e1\u013eovskom konzervat\u00f3riu v\u00a0 Haagu a tie\u017e u Christopha Coina v Schole Cantorum Basiliensis vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku. Na svojom konte m\u00e1 viac ako 40 produkci\u00ed CD nosi\u010dov a tie\u017e viacero rozhlasov\u00fdch a telev\u00edznych nahr\u00e1vok. V rokoch 2011 \u2013 2013 z\u00edskal vzdelanie medi\u00e1tora pre komunik\u00e1ciu a rie\u0161enie sporov v oblasti ob\u010dianskeho pr\u00e1va. Od roku 2014 je certifikovan\u00fdm ment\u00e1lnym kou\u010dom pre hudobn\u00edkov a s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00fdch \u0161portovcov.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Pripravila: Marianna Tak\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1
\nFoto: arch\u00edv\u00a0J\u00f6rg Zwicker<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O tom \u010do je tr\u00e9ma a ako ju m\u00f4\u017eu hudobn\u00edci zvl\u00e1da\u0165 n\u00e1m porozpr\u00e1va hudobn\u00edk a ment\u00e1lny kou\u010d\u00a0J\u00f6rg Zwicker, ktor\u00fd ned\u00e1vno nav\u0161t\u00edvil Bratislavu v r\u00e1mci workshopu na Vysokej \u0161kole m\u00fazick\u00fdch umen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":637,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[19,34],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magazin","category-rozhovory","tag-rozhovor"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.satb.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/seminar4_72_16zu9.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pav5wC-af","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4556,"url":"https:\/\/www.satb.sk\/index.php\/2019\/10\/25\/pridajte-sa-k-nam\/","url_meta":{"origin":635,"position":0},"title":"Pridajte sa k n\u00e1m!","date":"25 okt\u00f3bra, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Viac ako 300 dirigentov, spev\u00e1kov, u\u010dite\u013eov a hudobn\u00edkov na jednom mieste. 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Zab\u00fada sa v\u0161ak na to, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 deti nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa aj hudobn\u00e9 \u0161koly, v ktor\u00fdch\u2026","rel":"","context":"V "AKTU\u00c1LNE"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.satb.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/photo-1534337621606-e3df5ee0e97f.jpeg?fit=1189%2C669&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5258,"url":"https:\/\/www.satb.sk\/index.php\/2020\/03\/16\/ladislav-holasek-zacal-som-podpichovat-slovenskych-skladatelov\/","url_meta":{"origin":635,"position":4},"title":"Ladislav Hol\u00e1sek: Za\u010dal som podpichova\u0165 slovensk\u00fdch skladate\u013eov","date":"16 marca, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Najviac ho irituje \u0161t\u00fadium novej skladby. Mo\u017eno aj preto patr\u00ed ku dirigentom, ktor\u00ed v\u00fdrazne formovali hudobn\u00fa kult\u00faru Slovenska. 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